Meperidine (Demerol) Is Approved By Food and Drug Administration for Treatment of Moderate-To-Severe Pain
Meperidine |
Meperidine (demerol) (C15H21NO2·HCl
(Pethidin·Hydrochlorid)) belongs to the class of opioid analgesics, which work
by relieving the body from the actions of certain chemicals called opioids. It
works by changing the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Meperidine,
also known as Pethidine, and sold under the brand name Demerol is recommended
for the quick relief of moderate to severe pain, which is delivered either as
an intravenous, intramuscular, or oral injection. In the U.S., the drug has
also been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment
of moderate-to-severe pain. Meperidine is controlled under Schedule II of the
Controlled Substances Act. It was earlier prescribed as opioid analgesic and
now used only for the prevention and treatment of postoperative shivering, drug-induced
rigors.
Besides its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and
analgesic properties, there are other reported medical uses for Meperidine (demerol). It is used for
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergies, and fibromyalgia. Meperidine
may also have significant interactions with any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug, including acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or trazodone. Meperidine,
Meperidine, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may produce
gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea,
constipation, and sweating. It may also interact with antacids, acid
suppressants, and calcium channels blockers, and cause acute liver toxicity. Meperidine is used
to relieve pain, particularly during childbirth.
Meperidine (demerol) and other nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs interfere with neurotransmitter receptor sites in the
brain and cause Parkinson's disease, a disorder characterized by progressive
loss of muscle co-ordination and speech. These drugs also reduce serotonin
levels in the brain; consequently, they can promote symptoms of depression,
anxiety, irritability, restlessness, impulsivity, difficulty sleeping, slurred
speech, blurred vision, tremor, and nausea. It has also been found that these nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs produce a rebound effect in patients taking monoamine
oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) to treat depression. Some research indicates that
Meperidine, Meperidine, and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs) may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in individuals
already at increased risk for suicide.
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Meperidine (demerol) increase the amount of dopamine
in the synapses and result in a euphoric "high," but the drug's
effect on serotonin levels is less clear. Some studies suggest that, after
treating an individual with a powerful opiate, the addition of Meperidine
increases the amount of serotonin in the brain and decreases the amount of
norepinephrine, a substance that is associated with mood and anxiety. The
increased amount of dopamine may contribute to hallucinations and euphoria
observed during the onset of opiate use, according to research. However, the
decrease of serotonin may contribute to a reduction in nonrestorative sleep and
an increase in poor quality sleep, according to some research. Meperidine
(demerol) can be purchased over-the-counter without a prescription. In certain
countries, however, doctors must be specially trained to prescribe Meperidine
to treat severe pain and cannot prescribe it for non-life-threatening acute
pain.
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